GSM Gateway Installation
Index:
- Analog Gateway
- Hardware link installation
- Digital Gateway
- GSM Gateway Programming Part 1
- Switch programming Part 1
- GSM Gateway Programming Part 2
- Switch programming Part 2
- Cutover
Introduction:
More and more sites are installing GSM gateways for cell phone access. The gateway allows calls to cell phones to be charged the >on net price, which in most cases, is significantly less than calling the same cell phone from the PBX's normal city trunks. There are two ways to accomplish this, one analog and one digital. The analog solution is less expensive to purchase and install, but is prone to disconnect problems. The digital solution is more expensive and harder to program, but offers reliable disconnect and routing advance options.
When planning to install a gateway, it is always best to keep the antenna cable as short as possible. It is also a good idea to keep as much room as possible between the gateway antenna and other antennas. If two antennas are mounted to close to each other, and in this case, satellite dishes count as antennas, they can interfere and lower the signal strength to both even though they are operating on different frequencies. Since telephone switches tend to live in basements and antennas like high places, you could end up with a very long cable run between the two. In this case, an option would be to use a fiber run with a fiber modem on each end like a FiberPlex FOI-4048.
Analog Gateway:
The analog option is the simplest to install since it integrates through a normal loop start trunk. Except for the route number and designation, you can copy the existing analog backup trunk route and trunk programming. Just make sure that SUPN (NO) when you build the trunk in LD 14. There is no disconnect or answer supervision returned to the Meridian from these devices. From here, go to Switch Programming part 2 (BARS/NARS) for the next step.
Digital Gateway:
The preferred GSM gateway of choice is the 2N BlueStar in most cases. Larger and smaller units are available from the same manufacturer, but they all program the same. The devices use a EURO-ISDN interface. To add this to a small switch, you will need the following:
- NTBK50 E1 PRI card
- NTAK20 Clock controller if this is the first digital trunk in the cabinet.
- NTBK51 Downloadable D-Channel (DDCH) daughterboard
- NTBK05DA 120 ohm Twisted pair hang-off cable.
- Assorted adaptors and connectors.
It is always best to go through your vendor and request a system expansion just to ensure that you get all of the parts required and that your system is at an acceptable software release level. Also, if you have a large system (61C or 81C) you will have interface cards other than the ones listed above.
Switch programming Part 1 :
1. Set thresholds if this is to be the first PRI2 span in the system.
Otherwise, just display to verify the proper values are present. Since the default values work, this should not be a problem. This is an example from a 61C. If you get an error, it does not exist and you have to build it. Note, there is no clock reference set since there is no digital link to the telephone company. The GSM will be the slave.
>LD 73 REQ: NEW TYPE: DDB PREF <CR> SREF <CR> TRSH 0 REQ: END >LD 73 REQ: PRT TYPE: DDB CC DATA NOT 1.5MB TRSH 00 RALM 3 BIPC 2 LFAC 3 BIPV 3 2 SRTK 5 30 SRNT 15 3 LFAL 17 511 SRIM 1 SRMM 2 REQ: END >
2. Add a PRI2 loop to the switch.
LD 17 REQ: CHG TYPE: CEQU DDCS <CR> enter past everything until you reach: TDS <CR> CONF <CR> DTDT <CR> DLOP <CR> PRI2 LL LL= loop number, or slot number in small systems <CR> to the end REQ: END >
3. Add a D-Channel controller.
LD 17 REQ: CHG TYPE: ADAN ADAN NEW DCH X where X= the DCH number. In a small system, make it the same as the cardslot number. CTYP MSDL [DNUM 6 or same as the DIP switch selected number in large systems CDNO 3] same as slot number in small systems. Only one of these two prompts will show on a switch depending on size. PORT 1 0 - 3, will always be '1' on 11C/Succession Media Gateway DES GSM_GATEWAY USR PRI DCHL LL Loop number programmed in step 2 OTBF 32 PARM RS422 DTE DRAT 64KC CLOK EXT IFC EURO CNTY NET Country code NET= ETSI network side protocol PINX_CUST 0 ISDN_MCNT 300 CLID OPT1 PROG NCHG CO_TYPE STD SIDE NET The gateway is always USR, Meridian is always NET CNEG 1 RLS ID RCAP COLP MBGA NO default value OVLR NO default value OVLS NO default value T310 120 default value INC_T306 120 OUT_T306 120 T200 3 default value T203 10 default value N200 3 default value N201 260 default value K 7 default value ADAN <CR> REQ END >
4. Activate ISDN for the customer if not already there
LD 15 REQ: CHG TYPE: NET_DATA CUST 0 OPT AC2 FNP ISDN YES <CR> to the end REQ END >
5. Build the trunk route.
>LD 16 REQ NEW TYPE RDB CUST 0 DMOD ROUT 3 DES GSM_GATEWAY TKTP TIE ESN NO CNVT NO SAT NO RCLS EXT VTRK NO DTRK YES BRIP NO DGTP PRI2 ISDN YES MODE PRA IFC EURO CNTY NET SBN NO PNI 00000 CTYP UKWN INAC NO CPFXS YES SDID NO DAPC NO INTC NO DSEL VOD PTYP DTT AUTO NO DNIS NO DCDR NO IANI ICOG IAO SRCH LIN TRMB NO STEP ACOD 78 CLEN TCPP NO TARG 01 BILN NO SGRP OABS INST ANTK SIGO STD ICIS YES OGIS YES PTUT 0 CNTL DRNG NO CDR YES INC NO LAST NO QREC NO OAL YES AIA NO OAN YES OPD NO NDP EXC 0 NATL YES SSL CFWR NO IDOP NO VRAT NO MUS NO PANS YES FRL OHQ NO OHQT 0 CBQ NO AUTH NO TTBL 0 ATAN NO PLEV 2 OPR NO ALRM NO PECL NO DCTI 00 TIDY CCBA ARDN MEM AVAIL: (U/P): 2578619 USED UP: 368742 83678 TOT: 3031039 DISK RECS AVAIL: 255 RAN RTE AVAIL: 500 USED: 0 TOT: 500 REQ END >
6. Add the trunks.
Note: one can build the same number of trunks as SIM cards in the gateway rather than relying on the congestion reason to be returned by the gateway since there are several things that have to be right for that to happen correctly.
>LD 14 REQ NEW 8 8 SIM cards fitted, so build 8 trunks with a single command. TYPE TIE TN 3 1 DES GSM PDCA 1 PCML A CUST 0 NCOS 0 RTMB 3 1 B-CHANNEL SIGNALING INC MNDN TGAR 1 AST NO CLS CTD DTN WTA LPR APN THFD XREP BARD P10 VNL TKID NEW TRK TN 003 01 RT 3 MB 1 NEW TRK TN 003 02 RT 3 MB 2
The above repeats for each trunk the system builds. In this example, there would be seven more.
REQ END >
Hardware link installation:
The hardware link can be over several types of media and use a variety of facilities. The most viable options are in the table below.
| Media | Considerations |
|---|---|
| Two 75 ohm coaxial cables | Copper solution least susceptible to electrical noise, but expense to run. |
| Two pair of category 5 twisted pare station cable. | Readily available, but also most susceptible to electrical interference. Fine forshort runs away from noise sources. |
| Two individually shielded or screened pairs of category 3 twisted pair cable. | 120 ohm preferred option. This is only marginally better than cat 5 cable for noiseprotection. |
| Optical fiber | Least susceptible to noise but requires media converters on each end. This may be a good choice for long runs between buildings or sites. |
The sample below is based upon using a fiber link with FiberPlex model FOI-4048 media converters at each end since it is the most complex and, therefore, the most likely to be a source of confusion to someone who has not done one before. The switch breaks out on a 9-pin D-connector. A 9-pin to RJ45 adaptor is used to go to cat 5 cable, and then an RJ45 to 15-pin D-connector adaptor (provided with the FOI-4048) is used to interface the FOI-4048. The Bluestar uses the same FOI-4048 to RJ45 arrangement, but the other end of the cat 5 straight RJ45 to RJ45 patch cable plugs directly into the Gateway.
The arrangements in the table connect unused pins to empty socket positions. This ensures that nothing can short out in service. It is recommended that the user just slide the adaptor pins into the connector without the body or hood, or in the case of the 9-pin adaptor, the female wire ends into the pins of the connector on the NTBK05DA cable to prototype the connections. When everything works, finish assembling the connectors and attach the hoods. This will allow for maximum flexibility without having to risk damaging a misplaced pin in the attempt to move it.
Three green LEDs on the FOI-4048 indicate that transmit and receive leads are correct. Since E1, like T1, is an AC protocol, T/R reversals are not an issue. IfLINE RX does not illuminate, transmit and receive fibers are transposed someplace along the way. If LINE RX is dark, then just swap 1 & 9 with 3 & 11 at the DA-15 to RJ-48 adaptor.
| Adaptor Wiring | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| DA-15 PIN | COLOR | USE | RJ-48 PIN |
| 9 | B | IN | 1 |
| 1 | O | IN | 2 |
| 5 | Bk | GND | 3 |
| 11 | R | OUT | 4 |
| 3 | G | OUT | 5 |
| 13 | Y | GND | 6 |
| 15 | Br | 7 | |
| 7 | W | 8 | |
| DB-9 FROM SWITCH | |||
| 1 | W | 8 | |
| 2 | G | IN | 5 |
| 3 | R | IN | 4 |
| 4 | Br | IN | 7 |
| 5 | Y | GND | 6 |
| 6 | B | OUT | 1 |
| 7 | O | OUT | 2 |
| 9 | Bk | GND | 3 |
Note: the span has to be activated on both ends before the FOI-4048 indicators can be used for troubleshooting.
Connect the E1 from the Meridian to PRI 1 on the gateway face. Connect a computer to the RS-232 port and load the program from the provided CD following the instructions in the BlueStar manual.
Before connecting power to the BlueStar, ensure one of the two conditions below are being met:
- The Gateway is in its final position and has all antenna connections in place to allmodules and the main antenna is connected to the antenna splitter.
- The Gateway has all 8 of its GSM module boards unplugged and the 3 common control boardsare in place as received from the manufacturer.
Even thou the GSM boards are hot switchable, this ensures that the transmitters in the GSM boards are not transmitting into an open circuit. The prototype system used option 2 to verify pin connections in the telephone room before moving it to the final location in another building. This eliminated any cabling problems from confusing the issue.
This is also the time to install SIM cards. Each GSM adaptor card has two modules. Each module can carry one call at a time and can use up to 4 SIM cards. SIM 1 is closes to the edge connector. The first module (GSM1) uses the SIM cards along the left edge of the card and GSM2 uses the SIM cards along the right. Cards count right to left as you look at the front of the gateway. The SIM holders slide forward, then tip up to accept the SIM. Reverse the procedure to lock the SIM in place.
NOTE: PIN must be disabled on all SIM cards or all SIM cards must have the same PIN.
GSM Gateway Programming Part 1:
The sample setup shown in the BlueStar manual on page 67, section 10.5.3.1 works with the above switch programming; the factory default as received will not. The important items are in the top row. ISDN PRI port type: must be TE. Synchronization: must be Slave. These are the only two fields that must be changed to get the span to come up upon activating the Meridian end.
Switch programming Part 2:
1. Activate and load the DDCH controller. This example uses DCH 3
>LD 96 .ENL MSDL 3 FDL This forces the download ...................................................... [multiple lines of dots from the system] ...................................................... OK .DIS AUTO 3 .DIS DCH 3 Prepares for a clean start. .**** >LD 60 .ENLL 3 Start the span.
If the gateway is connected and powered, it will come up and you will have 3 green LEDs on each FOI-4048 and both the layer 1 and layer 2 green LEDs on the gateway. The Gateway layer 3 LED only lights when a call is in progress.
.STAT 3 PRI 2 LOOP 3 - ENBL REF CLK:DSBL SERVICE RESTORE: YES ALARM STATUS: ACCEPTABLE CH 01 - IDLE TIE VOD * CH 02 - IDLE TIE VOD * CH 03 - IDLE TIE VOD * CH 04 - IDLE TIE VOD * CH 05 - IDLE TIE VOD * CH 06 - IDLE TIE VOD * CH 07 - IDLE TIE VOD * CH 08 - IDLE TIE VOD CH 09 - UNEQ CH 10 - UNEQ CH 11 - UNEQ CH 12 - UNEQ CH 13 - UNEQ CH 14 - UNEQ CH 15 - UNEQ CH 16 - UNEQ CH 17 - UNEQ CH 18 - UNEQ CH 19 - UNEQ CH 20 - UNEQ CH 21 - UNEQ CH 22 - UNEQ CH 23 - UNEQ CH 24 - UNEQ CH 25 - UNEQ CH 26 - UNEQ CH 27 - UNEQ CH 28 - UNEQ CH 29 - UNEQ CH 30 - UNEQ CH 31 - DCH 3 .**** >LD 96 .ENL AUTO 3 OK .****
Since we only added 8 trunks for the 8 SIM cards installed, we get the above status display as expected. To test the span, USR must include MTC to use the following:
>LD 96 .ENL MSGI 3 .ENL MSGO 3 DCH 3 UIPE_OMSG CC_SETUP_REQ REF 00000003 CH 3 8 TOD 11:30:58 CK A3FAA57D PROGRESS: CALL IS NOT END TO END ISDN PROGRESS: INTERWORKING WITH PRIVATE WORK CALLING #:2107202003 NUM PLAN: E164 TON: NATL CALLED #:6984603661 NUM PLAN: E164 TON: UNKNOWN DCH 3 UIPE_IMSG CC_REJECT_IND REF 00000003 CH 3 8 TOD 11:31:00 CK A3FAAE70 CAUSE: #27 - DESTINATION IS OUT OF SERVICE .DIS MSGO 3 .**** >
The above is in a reduced typeface so the line shows as it does on the service terminal. Since the SIM cards were not installed at the time of the above test, it is as expected for an in service ISDN line to the Gateway with no working modules available. From this point, it is all just call processing.
2. Change the BARS routing to select the route list containing the GSM gateway trunks.
The prototype was brought up with a little trick that allowed testing without interfering with normal call processing. An unused cell provider code was selected and a special digit manipulation table was built that deleted the first 3 digits and inserted the first the digits of the provider of the SIM chips to be tested. People who dialed the normal number went out the local trunks as normal. This allows unlimited time for testing without user inconvenience. In this case, 691 will be dialed to test 698 numbers.
a. First, display the working SPN:
>LD 90 REQ PRT CUST 0 FEAT NET TRAN AC1 TYPE SPN SPN 6 SPN 6 FLEN 0 RLI 4 SDRR NONE ITIE NONE REQ OUT CUST 0 FEAT NET TRAN AC1 TYPE SPN SPN 6 Must be removed first or it will cause a conflict SPN REQ NEW CUST 0 FEAT NET TRAN AC1 TYPE SPN SPN 694 Most used carrier, so first back in FLEN 0 RLI 4 SDRR NONE ITIE NONE SPN 690 FLEN 0 RLI 4 SDRR NONE ITIE NONE SPN 691 FLEN 0 RLI 4 SDRR NONE ITIE NONE SPN 692 FLEN 0 RLI 4 SDRR NONE ITIE NONE SPN 693 FLEN 0 RLI 4 SDRR NONE ITIE NONE SPN 695 FLEN 0 RLI 4 SDRR NONE ITIE NONE SPN 696 FLEN 0 RLI 4 SDRR NONE ITIE NONE SPN 697 FLEN 0 RLI 4 SDRR NONE ITIE NONE SPN 698 FLEN 0 RLI 4 SDRR NONE ITIE NONE SPN 699 FLEN 0 RLI 4 SDRR NONE ITIE NONE SPN 60 FLEN 0 RLI 4 SDRR NONE ITIE NONE SPN 61 FLEN 0 RLI 4 SDRR NONE ITIE NONE SPN 62 FLEN 0 RLI 4 SDRR NONE ITIE NONE SPN 63 FLEN 0 RLI 4 SDRR NONE ITIE NONE SPN 64 FLEN 0 RLI 4 SDRR NONE ITIE NONE SPN 65 FLEN 0 RLI 4 SDRR NONE ITIE NONE SPN 66 FLEN 0 RLI 4 SDRR NONE ITIE NONE SPN 67 FLEN 0 RLI 4 SDRR NONE ITIE NONE SPN 68 FLEN 0 RLI 4 SDRR NONE ITIE NONE SPN REQ END >
b. Next build the new route for GSM calls. For our example we will use route list 12 and DMI 10 for our test access.
>LD 86 REQ NEW CUST 0 FEAT DGT DMI 10 DEL 3 ISPN INST 698 CTYP NCHG REQ NEW CUST 0 FEAT RLB RLI 12 ENTR 0 LTER ROUT 3 Our span to the GSM TOD 0 TOD 1 TOD 2 TOD 3 TOD 4 TOD 5 TOD 6 TOD 7 TOD CNV EXP FRL 0 DMI 10 FCI FSNI BNE SBOC RRA Reroute all, only works on ISDN spans IDBB IOHQ OHQ CBQ ENTR 1 LTER ROUT 1 Local overflow trunks TOD 0 TOD 1 TOD 2 TOD 3 TOD 4 TOD 5 TOD 6 TOD 7 TOD CNV EXP YES FRL 0 DMI 2 FCI FSNI BNE SBOC IDBB IOHQ OHQ CBQ ENTR ISET 1 NATL MFRL 0 OVLL REQ END >
c. Change the test entry to point to the new GSM route list
>LD 90 REQ CHG CUST 0 FEAT NET TRAN AC1 TYPE SPN SPN 691 FLEN ITOH RLI 12 SDRR ITIE SPN REQ END >
GSM Gateway Programming Part 2:
1. Basic Settings:
Set the correct number of digits to be dialed for a cell phone call. If the
dialing plan is not uniform, the minimum and maximum number of digits will be different.
Warning, the factory makes a special note that maximum number of digits must be equal or
greater than the minimum. Reverse these two, and you have unspecified behavior. You may
leave the remaining entries at default.
2. Assignment to GSM groups:
Assign all of the SIM cards from a provider to one group. Each provider must have
his own group. It is best to assign both SIM cards on a GSM card to the same group. This
is just for ease of administration; it is not an operational requirement.
3. GSM Outgoing groups:
Normal application of one SIM per module works fine with the defaults. Change
this only if you have multiple SIMs per module and you want to distribute usage evenly.
4. GSM Incoming Groups:
It is recommended that you reject all incoming calls, although they can be accepted
and/or routed to the operator.
5. Network List:
This is where you tell the gateway which module to use for each possible called
number it will receive. When you click on the ADD button, a small window will open which
will allow you to enter the numbers for that carrier.
6. LCR:
The default covers network 1 24/7. If you have additional carriers and groups,
you will need to add similar entries for Network 2/group 2, network 3/group3 etc.
Cutover:
When testing is complete, redirect live traffic to the gateway:
1. Change the route list:
>LD 86 REQ CHG CUST 0 FEAT RLB RLI 12 ENTR 0 LTER ROUT TOD CNV EXP FRL 3 Change to the desired restriction level DMI 0 Remove the test DMI FCI <CR> to the end REQ CHG CUST 0 FEAT NET TRAN AC1 TYPE SPN SPN 694 Repeat for each active provider FLEN ITOH RLI 12 SDRR ITIE SPN REQ END >